— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 45 歲個案詢問大腸癌篩檢的時間表，下列說明何者正確？
A 45-year-old client asks about the recommended schedule for colorectal cancer screening. Which information is correct?
- AScreening is only necessary if symptoms such as rectal bleeding appear僅在出現便血等症狀時才需要篩檢。
- BBegin screening at age 45 using fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or colonoscopy✓ 正解自 45 歲開始使用糞便免疫化學檢測（FIT）或大腸鏡進行篩檢。
- CColonoscopy is required annually regardless of previous results無論先前結果如何，每年都必須進行大腸鏡檢查。
- DWait until age 50 as there is no family history由於沒有家族史，等到 50 歲再開始。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
根據美國癌症學會與最新篩檢指引，平均風險個案應於 45 歲開始進行大腸癌篩檢。選項 B 涵蓋了常見的篩檢方式（糞便免疫化學檢查或大腸鏡）。選項 D 是舊建議，現已下修至 45 歲。篩檢的目的在於無症狀時即發現病灶，而非出現症狀才檢查。大腸鏡檢查頻率依結果而定，非每年一次。
Current guidelines from the American Cancer Society recommend that average-risk individuals begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. Screening methods include fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or colonoscopy, aiming to detect precancerous lesions before symptoms arise. Waiting until age 50 is outdated and increases the risk of missing early-stage disease.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國建議 45 歲；台灣目前國健署公費篩檢為 50-74 歲糞便潛血檢查，兩者政策對象存在年齡落差。