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安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師負責照護四位病人。為了確保安全,護理師應優先評估哪位病人?

The nurse is assigned to care for four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first to ensure safety?

  • AA client with a history of seizures who is currently sleeping
    有癲癇病史且目前正在睡覺的客戶
  • BA client who underwent an appendectomy 4 hours ago and reports pain as 6/10
    四小時前接受闌尾切除術且主訴疼痛為 6/10 的客戶
  • CA client with heart failure who has developed new-onset confusion and restlessness✓ 正解
    出現新發性混淆與躁動之心衰竭客戶
  • DA client with dementia who is pulling at their peripheral IV line
    正在拉扯周邊靜脈留置針之失智客戶
Explanation · 中文詳解

在護理評估的優先順序中,必須結合 ABC 原則(呼吸、循環、生命徵象)與意識狀態的改變。心臟衰竭病人出現新發生的混亂(new-onset confusion)與躁動不安(restlessness),通常是低氧血症(hypoxemia)或心輸出量不足導致腦部灌流下降的早期徵兆,具有潛在的生命危險,必須立即評估 SpO2 與血壓。選項 D 雖有管路安全風險,但可透過暫時性保護或他人看顧緩解;選項 B 的術後疼痛是預期中的,非生命威脅;選項 A 的癲癇史病人在睡覺,只要有防護措施即可。這題考驗護理師辨識「急性生理變化」優先於「行為干擾」或「預期性症狀」的能力。混亂往往是生理惡化的第一信號,若不及時處理,可能導致呼吸衰竭或心跳停止。

New-onset confusion and restlessness in a client with heart failure are critical indicators of potential acute hypoxia or decreased cerebral perfusion, requiring immediate assessment. According to ABC principles and the priority of identifying acute physiological changes, this client takes precedence over those with expected postoperative pain, stable seizure histories, or manageable behavioral safety risks.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國 NCLEX 非常強調「新發症狀」與「意識改變」的優先性,且護理師需具備獨立判斷生理惡化的能力。台灣臨床環境中,護理師常因病房雜事干擾而先處理管路問題,但應對此類「生理性混亂」保持高度警戒,優先排除缺氧可能性。

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