— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對於有抽菸史的個案，採取哪些介入措施能有效促進健康？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions by the nurse effectively promotes health for a client with a history of tobacco use? (Select all that apply.)
- AAsk the client about their readiness to quit smoking✓ 正解詢問個案對於戒菸的準備程度
- BExplain the immediate and long-term health benefits of quitting✓ 正解說明戒菸的立即與長期健康益處
- CRecommend using e-cigarettes as a safer replacement建議使用電子煙作為較安全的替代品
- DRefer the client to a smoking cessation support program✓ 正解將個案轉介至戒菸支援計畫
- EProvide information on nicotine replacement therapies✓ 正解提供關於尼古丁替代療法的資訊
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
戒菸介入屬於護理照護中的健康促進範疇。護理師應採用「5A」模式（Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange）進行評估與衛教。對於有抽菸史的病人，評估戒菸意願（Readiness to quit）、教育戒菸的立即與長期好處、提供藥物輔助（如尼古丁貼片）及轉介專業資源，皆是實證醫學支持的有效介入手段。
Effective tobacco cessation interventions include assessing the client's readiness to quit, educating them on the health benefits of stopping, and providing resources such as nicotine replacement therapy and support programs. These evidence-based strategies align with the transtheoretical model and the '5A' approach to promote behavior change. E-cigarettes are not recommended as they are not FDA-approved for cessation.