在教導長者防範跌倒時，哪項評估最關鍵？
Which assessment is most critical when counseling an older adult on fall prevention?
- AReview of daily social calendar檢視每日社交行程
- BAssessment of skin hydration評估皮膚水合狀態
- CEvaluation of hearing aid preference評估助聽器偏好
- DMedication review including sedatives✓ 正解藥物檢視，包括鎮靜劑
跌倒是高齡者住院與失能的主因。護理師在進行防跌評估時，必須將藥物副作用列為優先考量。許多長者服用多種藥物（Polypharmacy），特別是鎮靜劑、安眠藥、降壓藥或利尿劑，會導致姿勢性低血壓（Orthostatic hypotension）、認知功能下降或平衡感變差，大幅增加跌倒風險。臨床思路應優先評估潛在的可逆性危險因子，藥物調整往往是防跌計畫中最具實質效益的介入。
Falls are a leading cause of hospitalization and disability in older adults, making medication review a critical assessment. Many elderly patients take multiple medications, particularly sedatives, hypnotics, antihypertensives, or diuretics, which can cause orthostatic hypotension, cognitive decline, or impaired balance. Identifying and adjusting these reversible risk factors is often the most effective intervention in fall prevention plans.
美國臨床非常強調「藥物調節（Medication Reconciliation）」，護理師在職責範圍內需主動核對所有處方、非處方藥及草本補充品，並與藥師或醫師討論潛在的交互作用及跌倒風險。