— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人發生急性嗎啡過量。護理師預期給予哪種藥物？
A client is experiencing an acute morphine overdose. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering?
- AFlumazenilFlumazenil（氟馬西尼）
- BNaloxone✓ 正解Naloxone（納洛酮）
- CAcetylcysteineAcetylcysteine（乙醯半胱氨酸）
- DProtamine sulfateProtamine sulfate（魚精蛋白）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Naloxone（納洛酮）是鴉片類藥物（如嗎啡）的特異性拮抗劑，能競爭受體並逆轉呼吸抑制與鎮靜效果。Flumazenil 是 benzodiazepine 拮抗劑，Protamine 是肝素拮抗劑，Acetylcysteine 是 acetaminophen 解毒劑。
Naloxone is the specific antidote for opioid overdoses like morphine, effectively reversing respiratory depression and sedation by competing at opioid receptors. Other options listed treat different toxicities: flumazenil for benzodiazepines, acetylcysteine for acetaminophen, and protamine sulfate for heparin.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無差異。急診與病房護理皆將 Naloxone 列為鴉片過量之緊急處置標準用藥。