— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正準備為一位心臟衰竭病人施打毛地黃(digoxin)。下列哪項評估結果應使護理師暫緩給藥?
A nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a client with heart failure. Which assessment finding should lead the nurse to withhold the medication?
- ARespiratory rate of 18 breaths/min呼吸頻率 18 次/分
- BApical heart rate of 52 beats/min✓ 正解心尖脈搏 52 次/分
- CBlood pressure of 110/70 mmHg血壓 110/70 mmHg
- DSerum potassium level of 4.8 mEq/L血清鉀濃度 4.8 mEq/L
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Digoxin 是強心劑,具有負性頻率作用(降低心率)。在給藥前必須測量心尖脈(Apical pulse)滿一分鐘。成人心率若低於 60 次/分、兒童低於 70 次/分、嬰兒低於 90 次/分時,應暫緩給藥並通知醫師,以避免嚴重心動過緩。低血鉀(而非 4.8 的正常值)會增加毛地黃中毒風險。
Digoxin has a negative chronotropic effect, meaning it slows the heart rate; therefore, the apical pulse must be assessed for a full minute before administration. The dose should be withheld if the adult apical pulse is less than 60 beats per minute to prevent severe bradycardia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 標準固定為心尖脈 60 次/分為界限;台灣臨床指引有時會根據醫師個別醫囑調整(如 50 或 55 次/分)。