— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 40 歲、無症狀、平均風險的男性詢問攝護腺癌篩檢。護理師的最佳回應為何？
An asymptomatic, average-risk 40-year-old male asks about prostate cancer screening. What is the nurse's best response?
- ADiscuss the risks and benefits of PSA screening with your healthcare provider✓ 正解與您的醫療保健提供者討論 PSA 篩檢的風險與益處。
- BProstate screening is unnecessary because it has no symptoms攝護腺篩檢是不必要的，因為它沒有症狀。
- COnly men over 70 need to consider prostate screening只有 70 歲以上的男性需要考慮攝護腺篩檢。
- DYou should start getting a PSA test every year starting now您應該從現在開始每年接受一次 PSA 檢測。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
攝護腺癌（PSA）篩檢以「共享決策」（shared decision-making）為現行主流原則。對於無症狀、平均風險的 40 歲男性，不建議直接開始固定年度 PSA；應協助他評估個人風險（家族史、種族、症狀）與篩檢的利（早期發現）與弊（偽陽性、不必要切片、過度診斷與治療），再共同決定是否與何時開始。高風險族群（如父兄患攝護腺癌、非裔背景）可能需更早與醫師討論。
Current guidelines emphasize shared decision-making regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for asymptomatic, average-risk men aged 40 to 54. The nurse should facilitate a discussion with the healthcare provider about the potential benefits of early detection versus the risks of false positives and overdiagnosis, rather than recommending routine annual testing.