— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 45 歲病人諮詢皮膚癌的一級預防策略，護理師應提供哪些建議？
A 45-year-old client asks the nurse about primary prevention strategies for skin cancer. Which advice should the nurse provide?
- AAvoid outdoor activities between 10 AM and 4 PM.避免在上午 10 點至下午 4 點之間進行戶外活動
- BApply sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every 2 hours when outdoors.✓ 正解在戶外時，每 2 小時塗抹 SPF 30 以上的防曬乳
- CUse tanning beds instead of sunbathing to prevent burns.使用助曬機代替日光浴以預防曬傷
- DVisit the dermatologist once a year for a full-body scan.每年看一次皮膚科醫師進行全身檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
一級預防（Primary Prevention）的目的是在疾病發生前採取行動，降低風險因子。對於皮膚癌，減少紫外線暴露是核心策略。護理師應提供具體的自我防護指導，包括使用防曬產品的正確頻率與強度，這屬於健康促進與維護的範疇。選項 D 屬於二級預防（篩檢），而選項 A 雖然有助於防曬，但 A 是更具普遍適用性的行動指引。選項 C 則是常見的誤解，任何形式的紫外線輻射都會增加致癌風險。
Primary prevention aims to reduce risk factors before disease onset, making consistent sunscreen application a core strategy for skin cancer prevention. Nurses should advise clients to use sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every two hours when outdoors to effectively block harmful UV radiation, whereas annual skin exams represent secondary prevention.