護理師準備照護疑似活動性肺結核的病人，需要準備哪些項目？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to care for a client with suspected active tuberculosis. Which of the following items are required? (Select all that apply.)
- AN95 respirator✓ 正解N95呼吸器
- BNegative pressure room✓ 正解負壓病房
- CSurgical mask for the client during transport✓ 正解病人轉送時的外科口罩
- DGown and gloves for routine entry常規進入時的隔離衣和手套
- EHEPA filtration system✓ 正解HEPA過濾系統
活動性肺結核（Active TB）透過空氣微粒傳播，護理照護的核心在於切斷空氣傳播鏈。除標準防護外，必須實施空氣隔離防護（Airborne Precautions）。醫護人員進入病室必須配戴能過濾 95% 以上微粒的 N95 口罩。病室需具備負壓環境與 HEPA 過濾系統，以防止受污染空氣溢散至公共區域。病人轉送時配戴外科口罩可作為源頭控制，減少飛沫散播。
Active tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne particles, and the core of nursing care is to break the airborne transmission chain. In addition to standard precautions, Airborne Precautions must be implemented. Healthcare personnel entering the room must wear an N95 mask, which can filter 95% or more of particles. The room must have a negative pressure environment and HEPA filtration system to prevent contaminated air from escaping into public areas. During patient transport, the patient wearing a surgical mask can serve as source control, reducing droplet dispersion.
美國醫院對 TB 的空氣隔離規範極為嚴格，N95 必須經過 Fit Testing（密合度測試）合格方可進入病室，並需確保符合 OSHA 職業安全標準。台灣臨床雖亦要求負壓隔離，但 N95 的配戴頻率與呼吸道防護計畫（Respiratory Protection Program）執行細節在美國受法律強制規範。