— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師為社區團體進行初級預防（Primary Prevention），應包含下列哪些活動？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is conducting primary prevention for a community group. Which activities should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdministering the annual influenza vaccine✓ 正解施打年度流感疫苗
- BProviding education on the importance of a balanced diet✓ 正解提供均衡飲食重要性的衛教
- CPerforming blood pressure screening at a community fair在社區園遊會進行血壓篩檢
- DFacilitating a smoking cessation workshop for non-smokers✓ 正解協助非吸菸者參加戒菸工作坊
- ETeaching proper hand hygiene techniques to school children✓ 正解教導學童正確的手部衛生技巧
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防旨在「疾病發生前」採取行動以增進健康或預防病原接觸。疫苗接種（A）、健康衛教（B）、戒菸衛教（D）、衛生教育（E）皆屬之。血壓篩檢（C）屬於次級預防（Secondary Prevention），目的是早期發現尚未出現症狀的疾病。
Primary prevention aims to improve health or prevent contact with pathogens "before disease occurs." Vaccination (A), health education (B), smoking cessation education (D), and hygiene education (E) all qualify. Blood pressure screening (C) is part of secondary prevention, whose purpose is to detect early, asymptomatic disease.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣公衛體系對初級預防的疫苗與衛教執行度高；美國則更強調個人化的健康風險評估與醫療保險整合。