— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師針對新處方 Warfarin（華法林）的病人進行出院指導。應建議該病人維持哪類食物的攝取穩定？
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with a new prescription for warfarin. Which food group should the nurse advise the client to keep consistent?
- ADairy products乳製品
- BRed meat紅肉
- CWhole grains全穀類
- DGreen leafy vegetables✓ 正解綠色葉菜
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 是維生素 K 拮抗劑。綠色葉菜類（如菠菜、羽衣甘藍）富含維生素 K，會抵消藥物效果。指導重點不在於「完全禁止」，而在於「攝取量要穩定」，避免忽多忽少導致 INR 指數劇烈波動，增加出血或栓塞風險。
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist. Green leafy vegetables (such as spinach and kale) are rich in vitamin K and counteract the medication's effect. The focus of teaching is not "complete prohibition" but rather "consistent intake," avoiding drastic increases or decreases that cause large fluctuations in INR and increase the risk of bleeding or thrombosis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣飲食中深綠色蔬菜普遍，衛教需特別提醒；美國則因飲食習慣多樣，較常使用營養諮詢介入。