在美國，出生時通常會施打哪種疫苗？

新生兒疫苗接種是健康促進的重要環節，旨在出生早期即為嬰兒提供對抗嚴重傳染病的保護。護理師必須清楚了解美國疾病管制與預防中心 (CDC) 建議的兒童免疫接種時程。在美國，B 型肝炎疫苗 (Hepatitis B, HepB) 是唯一建議在出生後 24 小時內常規施打的疫苗。這項措施對於預防嬰兒在出生時或出生後不久感染 B 型肝炎病毒至關重要，尤其能有效降低母嬰垂直傳播的風險，對新生兒的長期健康有深遠影響。

Newborn vaccination is an important part of health promotion, intended to provide protection against serious infectious diseases during early infancy. The nurse must be familiar with the childhood immunization schedule recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In the United States, hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine is the only vaccine routinely recommended within the first 24 hours after birth. This measure is essential for preventing hepatitis B infection at or shortly after birth and is especially effective in reducing the risk of vertical mother-to-infant transmission, with profound implications for the long-term health of the newborn.

在美國與台灣，B 型肝炎疫苗 (HepB) 都是新生兒出生後建議施打的第一劑疫苗，且通常在出生後 24 小時內完成。這項策略對於阻斷母嬰垂直傳播 B 型肝炎病毒至關重要。雖然兩國的兒童常規疫苗接種時程可能在其他疫苗的具體時程或劑型上略有差異，但 HepB 疫苗作為出生首劑的原則是一致的。