護理師準備照護一位白血球低下併發燒的病人。應執行哪些護理措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to care for a client with a neutropenic fever. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
- APlace the client in a positive-pressure room將病人安置於正壓病房
- BRestrict visitors with signs of illness✓ 正解限制有生病跡象的訪客
- CProvide a low-microbial diet✓ 正解提供低微生物飲食
- DEncourage fresh flowers in the room在房間內放置鮮花
- EPerform thorough hand hygiene✓ 正解執行徹底的手部衛生
白血球低下（Neutropenia）病人因免疫系統受損，極易遭受伺機性感染。護理核心在於實施中性粒細胞減少預防措施（Neutropenic precautions），旨在將病人與環境中的微生物隔絕。正確措施包括限制訪客以減少病原體接觸、執行嚴格手部衛生以阻斷傳播鏈，以及提供低菌飲食（避免生食及未經處理的蔬果）。臨床上應優先考慮病人的免疫狀態，而非盲目使用正壓隔離室，除非病人同時具有空氣傳播風險。
Clients with neutropenia have compromised immune systems and are highly susceptible to opportunistic infections. The core of nursing care is implementing neutropenic precautions, which aim to isolate the client from microorganisms in the environment. Correct measures include restricting visitors to reduce pathogen exposure, performing strict hand hygiene to interrupt transmission, and providing a low-microbial diet (avoiding raw foods and untreated fruits and vegetables). Clinically the focus should be on the client's immune status rather than blindly using a positive-pressure isolation room unless the client also has airborne transmission risk.
美國臨床對於白血球低下病人的「低菌飲食」標準日益嚴格，部分大型教學醫院已取消此限制，改為強調徹底清洗蔬果。但在NCLEX考試中，仍需優先選擇傳統的「限制生食」選項。