護理師正為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀（KCl）。下列哪項護理措施對病人安全至關重要？
A nurse is administering a dose of IV potassium chloride to a client with hypokalemia. Which nursing action is essential for patient safety?
- AAdminister the dose as a rapid IV push作為快速靜脈推注給藥
- BVerify the presence of adequate urine output✓ 正解確認有足夠的尿量
- CPerform the injection via a peripheral line only僅透過周邊靜脈線注射
- DEnsure the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL確保濃度不超過10 mEq/100 mL
靜脈輸注鉀離子（Potassium Chloride, KCl）屬於高警訊藥物（High-alert medication）。鉀離子過高會導致致命性的心律不整（如心室顫動）。給藥前，必須確認病人腎功能正常並有充足的尿量（通常 >0.5 mL/kg/hr），這是確保鉀離子能經由腎臟排泄的必要條件，以防醫源性高血鉀發生。
Intravenous potassium chloride (KCl) is a high-alert medication. Excessively high potassium can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. Before administration, the nurse must confirm that the client has normal renal function and adequate urine output (typically >0.5 mL/kg/hr), which is essential to ensure that potassium can be excreted through the kidneys, preventing iatrogenic hyperkalemia.
在美國醫院，KCl 輸注通常有嚴格的「護理師雙人核對」（Double check）制度，且必須使用幫浦（Infusion pump）控制速率。台灣臨床亦有類似規範，但美國對於高警訊藥物的 protocol 執行通常更為僵化與嚴格。