一位病人因 MRSA 感染被處方靜脈注射萬古黴素，下列何種評估發現需要護理師立即介入？
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin for a MRSA infection. Which assessment finding requires immediate nursing intervention?
- ASlight nausea during the infusion輸注期間輕微噁心
- BInfusion rate of 500mg over 30 minutes✓ 正解30 分鐘內輸注 500mg
- CReddening of the neck and face頸部和臉部發紅
- DTrace edema in the lower extremities下肢輕微水腫
萬古黴素滴注過快會引起「紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）」，發生低血壓與皮膚紅疹。標準給藥速度建議為 1 公克藥物至少滴注 60 分鐘以上，30 分鐘給予 500mg 速率過快，極易引發不良反應，應立即調整速率。
Administering vancomycin at a rate of 500 mg over 30 minutes is too fast and requires immediate intervention to prevent adverse reactions. The standard guideline recommends infusing vancomycin at a rate no faster than 10 mg/min, typically requiring at least 60 minutes per gram, to avoid Red Man Syndrome. Rapid infusion can cause histamine release, leading to hypotension, flushing, and pruritus, whereas slight nausea or trace edema are less urgent concerns.
台美皆嚴格監控萬古黴素 trough level，但美國臨床護理師對於紅人症的判讀與給藥速度調整更強調主動性。