病人正在靜脈滴注 20 mEq 氯化鉀於 100 mL 生理食鹽水中，預計 1 小時滴完。下列何者為護理師優先採取之行動？
A client is receiving an intravenous infusion of potassium chloride 20 mEq in 100 mL of 0.9% Normal Saline. The infusion is to run over 1 hour. What is the priority nursing action?
- AAssess the peripheral intravenous site for signs of phlebitis or infiltration評估周邊靜脈注射部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏跡象
- BConfirm that the client has a urinary output of at least 30 mL/hr確認病人每小時尿量至少為 30 mL
- CMonitor the client's serum potassium levels every hour每小時監測病人血清鉀離子濃度
- DEnsure the infusion is connected to an infusion pump✓ 正解確保輸液連接至輸液幫浦
氯化鉀具有高度刺激性且過量極度致命。根據安全輸注標準，高警訊藥物如氯化鉀必須強制使用輸液幫浦（Infusion Pump）以精確控制給藥速度，防止意外過量導致心律不整或心臟驟停。雖然評估滲漏（A）和尿量（B）也很重要，但物理控制給藥速度是防止致命性藥物錯誤的第一道物理屏障，屬於立即性的技術防禦。
Potassium chloride is highly irritating and extremely lethal in overdose. According to safe infusion standards, high-alert medications such as potassium chloride must be infused via an infusion pump to precisely control the rate and prevent accidental overdose that could cause arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Although assessing for infiltration (A) and confirming urine output (B) are important, physically controlling the administration rate is the first physical barrier against fatal medication errors and is the immediate technical safeguard.
美台臨床對於高警訊藥物皆強制要求使用幫浦，但在台灣若幫浦短缺，常會加強人工監測頻率，美國則嚴格要求調度設備。