— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位患有慢性腎臟病 (CKD) 的病人出現皮膚搔癢。護理師理解這最可能是由於：
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing pruritus. The nurse understands this is most likely due to:
- AAccumulation of uremic toxins✓ 正解尿毒素的累積
- BHypophosphatemia低血磷
- CHyperkalemia高血鉀
- DUremic frost尿毒霜
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病時，腎臟清除體內代謝廢物的能力下降，導致尿毒素（uremic toxins）在體內積聚。這些毒素會刺激皮膚，引起嚴重的搔癢感（pruritus）。雖然其他電解質紊亂也可能影響皮膚，但尿毒素積累是 CKD 搔癢最常見的原因。
In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys' ability to clear metabolic waste declines, leading to the accumulation of uremic toxins in the body. These toxins irritate the skin and cause severe pruritus. Although other electrolyte disturbances can also affect the skin, accumulation of uremic toxins is the most common cause of pruritus in CKD.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國腎臟病護理師會指導病人使用保濕劑和抗組織胺藥物緩解搔癢；台灣病人常接受中醫輔助治療，如藥浴，護理師需與中醫師溝通協調。