護理師為了預防老年病人跌倒，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
Which actions are essential for a nurse to prevent falls in an elderly client? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the bed in the lowest position✓ 正解將病床保持在最低位置
- BPlace call light within reach✓ 正解將呼叫鈴放在伸手可及之處
- CKeep the floor free of clutter✓ 正解保持地板無雜物
- DApply physical restraints to keep the client in bed使用身體約束帶將病人固定在床上
- EEnsure adequate lighting in the room✓ 正解確保室內有充足的照明
預防老年病人跌倒需採取多面向的環境控制措施。核心邏輯在於「移除環境危險因子」與「增進病人活動安全」。病床低位可減少跌倒時的高度衝擊；呼叫鈴隨手可得能讓病人尋求協助，減少自行下床的衝動；移除雜物確保活動空間暢通；充足照明則能幫助視覺辨識。身體約束通常會加重病人的焦慮與掙扎，反而增加跌倒與身體傷害的風險，應作為最後手段。
Preventing falls in older clients requires multifaceted environmental control measures. The core logic is to remove environmental hazards and to enhance the safety of patient mobility. A low bed position reduces the impact height during a fall; keeping the call light within reach allows the client to summon help and decreases the impulse to get up unassisted; removing clutter ensures unobstructed movement; and adequate lighting aids visual recognition. Physical restraints typically aggravate the client's anxiety and struggling, paradoxically increasing the risk of falls and bodily injury, and should be used as a last resort.