對於有大腸癌家族史的個案，下列哪項屬於「初級預防」？
Which of the following is a primary prevention measure for a client with a family history of colon cancer?
- AMonitoring for weight loss and abdominal pain監測體重減輕與腹痛
- BStarting annual colonoscopy at age 4040 歲開始每年進行大腸鏡檢查
- CIncreasing fiber and reducing red meat intake✓ 正解增加纖維攝取並減少紅肉攝取
- DRegular fecal immunochemical testing定期進行糞便免疫化學檢測
初級預防（Primary prevention）的目的在於疾病發生前採取行動，以降低發病風險。大腸癌的成因與飲食習慣密切相關，透過調整飲食結構，如增加膳食纖維以促進腸道蠕動、減少紅肉與加工肉品攝取以降低致癌物暴露，屬於改變生活型態的預防措施。其他選項均屬於次級預防（Secondary prevention），即透過篩檢（Screening）早期發現疾病，而非預防疾病發生。
Primary prevention aims to act before disease occurs to reduce the risk of developing it. The development of colon cancer is closely related to dietary habits; adjusting dietary patterns, such as increasing dietary fiber to promote intestinal motility and decreasing red and processed meat intake to lower exposure to carcinogens, are lifestyle modifications that constitute primary prevention. The other options belong to secondary prevention (screening), aimed at early detection of disease through screening rather than preventing disease occurrence.