— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為新診斷高血壓的病人提供出院指導，應強調哪些生活型態改變？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with a newly diagnosed hypertension. Which lifestyle modifications should the nurse emphasize? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdopting the DASH diet✓ 正解採用 DASH 飲食
- BReducing sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day✓ 正解將鈉攝取量減少至每天少於 2,300 mg
- CEngaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week✓ 正解每週進行至少 150 分鐘的中度強度有氧運動
- DEliminating all alcohol intake完全戒除酒精攝取
- EMaintaining a healthy body mass index (BMI)✓ 正解維持健康的體重指數 (BMI)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
控制高血壓的核心是 DASH 飲食、限鈉、規律運動與體重控制。DASH 飲食強調蔬菜水果與低脂乳製品。限鈉標準為 2,300 毫克/日（理想為 1,500）。運動指引為每週 150 分鐘中等強度運動。酒精非必須完全禁絕，但需適量限制（非消除）。
Key lifestyle modifications for hypertension include adopting the DASH diet, reducing sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg daily, engaging in 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise weekly, and maintaining a healthy BMI. Alcohol does not need to be eliminated entirely but should be consumed in moderation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣衛教常強調避免醃漬物與醬料，美國則多強調食品標示（Nutrition Facts）的鈉含量計算。