護理師為一位 70 歲髖關節置換術後的個案提供出院衛教。應建議哪些居家安全改造以促進健康並預防受傷？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a 70-year-old client following a hip replacement. Which home safety modifications should be recommended to promote health and prevent injury? (Select all that apply.)
- ARemove all throw rugs from the floor.✓ 正解移除地板上所有的地毯。
- BInstall grab bars in the bathtub and near the toilet.✓ 正解在浴缸內和馬桶旁安裝扶手。
- CEnsure all areas are well-lit, especially pathways to the bathroom.✓ 正解確保所有區域都有充足的照明，特別是通往浴室的路徑。
- DUse a low-seated chair for resting to keep the hips flexed.使用低座椅子休息以保持髖關節彎曲。
- EPlace frequently used items within easy reach at waist level.✓ 正解將經常使用的物品放置在腰部高度容易拿取的地方。
髖關節置換術後的居家安全核心在於防止跌倒及避免過度彎曲關節。地毯 (A) 是最常見的絆倒源，必須移除。浴室扶手 (B) 提供穩定支撐。良好的照明 (C) 幫助視力退化的老人辨識障礙物。將物品放在腰部高度 (E) 避免了低頭彎腰或伸手高攀的危險動作。選項 D 錯誤，因為髖關節置換術後（特別是後側入路）通常有「90 度禁忌」，低矮椅子會導致髖部過度屈曲，造成脫位風險。護理師應引導個案及家長進行環境檢視。
Home safety modifications for a client post-hip replacement focus on fall prevention and adhering to hip precautions. Removing throw rugs, installing grab bars, ensuring adequate lighting, and keeping items at waist level reduce trip hazards and minimize the need for excessive bending or reaching. Low-seated chairs are contraindicated as they force hip flexion beyond 90 degrees, increasing the risk of prosthesis dislocation.
美國出院前常有職能治療師 (OT) 到府評估；台灣則多由護理師在病房利用衛教單張進行指導，家長需自行聯繫長照資源進行居家無障礙空間改造。兩地對「90 度禁忌」的教育一致。