— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師針對老年人的營養健康進行諮詢。應強調什麼？
A nurse is counseling an older adult on nutritional health. What should be emphasized?
- AAdequate protein for muscle preservation✓ 正解攝取充足蛋白質以維持肌肉量
- BIncreased need for high-calorie, processed foods增加高熱量、加工食品的攝取
- CEliminating carbohydrates entirely完全排除碳水化合物
- DReducing water intake to prevent frequent urination減少水分攝取以預防頻尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老年人隨著年齡增長，代謝速率下降且肌肉質量流失（肌少症，Sarcopenia），這會增加跌倒與失能風險。蛋白質對於修復組織及維持肌肉力量至關重要。臨床照護中，應優先推廣營養均衡的飲食，而非單純追求熱量。正確答案為 A，因為蛋白質攝取能有效減緩肌肉流失。其他選項皆不符合老年營養原則：加工食品通常高鈉，不利於患有高血壓的老年人；水分攝取應維持一定量以預防脫水；醣類仍是能量主要來源，不應完全排除。
Adequate protein intake is essential for older adults to preserve muscle mass and prevent sarcopenia, which reduces the risk of falls and disability. Nutritional counseling should focus on balanced diets rather than processed foods or extreme dietary restrictions.