護理師為廣泛性焦慮症個案進行出院指導。應包含哪些自我管理策略？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Which self-management strategies should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- ARegular exercise to release tension✓ 正解規律運動以釋放緊張
- BLimiting caffeine and nicotine intake✓ 正解限制咖啡因和尼古丁的攝取
- CPracticing mindfulness or relaxation techniques✓ 正解練習正念或放鬆技巧
- DMaintaining irregular sleep patterns to stay busy保持不規律的睡眠模式以保持忙碌
- EIdentifying personal anxiety triggers✓ 正解識別個人的焦慮觸發因素
廣泛性焦慮症（GAD）的治療核心在於降低生理喚醒（arousal）並提升個案對焦慮的自我掌控感。護理重點在於協助個案建立健康的生活型態，規律的運動可消耗過剩的壓力荷爾蒙，減少咖啡因與尼古丁等神經興奮劑能降低心悸與神經質，正念練習能將注意力從災難性思考轉移至當下。此外，辨識誘發因子（triggers）是認知行為療法（CBT）的基礎，讓個案能主動預防焦慮爆發。護理指導應強調建立可持續的日常習慣，而非單一的干預措施。
The core of treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is to reduce physiological arousal and increase the client's sense of self-control over anxiety. Nursing care focuses on helping the client build a healthy lifestyle: regular exercise depletes excess stress hormones, limiting caffeine and nicotine reduces palpitations and nervousness from these neural stimulants, and mindfulness shifts attention away from catastrophic thinking toward the present moment. In addition, identifying triggers is a foundation of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and allows the client to proactively prevent anxiety flares. Nursing education should emphasize building sustainable daily habits rather than relying on a single intervention.