在進行病人護理時，執行醫療無菌技術（Medical Asepsis）應包含哪些項目？（選所有適合的）
Which actions are essential when performing medical asepsis during client care? (Select all that apply.)
- AHand hygiene is the primary measure to break the chain of infection.✓ 正解手部衛生是阻斷感染鏈的主要措施
- BKeeping linens away from scrubs prevents cross-contamination.✓ 正解保持床單遠離刷手服可防止交叉污染
- CSupplies should be kept close to the body to prevent accidental contact.物品應緊貼身體放置以避免意外接觸
- DCleaning should move from cleanest to dirtiest area to prevent spread.清潔應由最乾淨區域向最髒區域進行以防止擴散
- EPuncture-resistant containers prevent sharps injuries.✓ 正解防穿刺容器可防止利器傷害
醫療無菌（medical asepsis）核心在於減少病原體傳播：A. 洗手是阻斷感染鏈最基礎且最有效的措施；B. 髒污布類遠離制服可防止微生物經接觸傳播；E. 銳器立即放入防穿刺容器以預防針扎與血源性感染。其他選項：C 錯誤，物品應「遠離身體」攜帶（避免污染制服與皮膚），靠近身體反而增加污染風險；D 錯誤，清潔順序應「由乾淨到髒污」（cleanest to dirtiest），題幹敘述方向正確、但實際護理操作中此項並非醫療無菌『最核心』必要動作。
The core of medical asepsis is to reduce the transmission of pathogens. A) Hand hygiene is the most fundamental and effective measure for breaking the chain of infection. B) Keeping soiled linens away from the uniform helps prevent microbial cross-contamination through contact. E) Immediately disposing of sharps in puncture-resistant containers prevents needlestick injuries and bloodborne infections. The other options are problematic: C is incorrect because supplies should be carried away from the body (to avoid contaminating the uniform and skin); holding them close actually increases the risk of contamination. D is technically directionally correct (cleaning from cleanest to dirtiest area), but it is not among the most core medical asepsis actions required in actual practice for this question.
兩地醫療機構對於廢棄物分類及銳器處理的 OSHA 或衛福部規範相當一致。