護理師應採取哪些措施以確保知情同意（Informed Consent）有效？（選所有適合的）
Which actions should the nurse take to ensure informed consent is valid? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the client is of legal age and competent✓ 正解確認客戶已達法定年齡且具備行為能力
- BExplain the risks and benefits of the procedure personally親自解釋該程序的風險與益處
- CEnsure the client signs voluntarily without coercion✓ 正解確保客戶自願簽署且無受脅迫
- DWitness the client's signature on the document✓ 正解見證客戶在文件上的簽名
- EConfirm the physician provided the necessary information✓ 正解確認醫師已提供必要資訊
知情同意（Informed Consent）的法律責任主體是醫師，醫師必須親自向病人說明檢查或手術的風險、效益與替代方案。護理師在流程中的角色是「見證人（Witness）」，負責確認病人具備法律能力（Legal capacity）、簽署過程無強迫（Voluntary）、且確認病人已聽過醫師的解釋並理解其內容，確保知情同意書在程序上合法有效。
The legal responsibility for informed consent lies with the physician, who must personally explain the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure or surgery to the patient. The nurse's role in this process is as a witness, responsible for confirming that the patient has legal capacity, that the signing process is voluntary, and that the patient has heard the physician's explanation and understands its content, ensuring that the informed consent form is procedurally and legally valid.
在美國，若病人對程序仍有未解之疑問，護理師必須阻止簽署並通知醫師，若護理師在病人未完全理解下讓其簽署，將面臨極大的法律風險。