在管理接受全靜脈營養（TPN）的病人時，下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing actions are appropriate when managing a client receiving a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse an infusion pump for administration✓ 正解使用輸注幫浦進行給藥
- BMonitor blood glucose levels regularly✓ 正解定期監測血糖水平
- CChange the IV tubing every 24 hours✓ 正解每 24 小時更換靜脈輸液管路
- DFilter the TPN solution through a micron filter✓ 正解通過微粒過濾器過濾 TPN 溶液
- EStop the infusion abruptly if the bag runs dry若輸液袋空了則立即停止輸注
全靜脈營養（TPN）含有高濃度的葡萄糖、胺基酸、脂肪乳劑及電解質，是細菌滋生的溫床。護理管理重點包括：使用輸液幫浦（Infusion pump）精確控制速度以防血糖波動與過負荷；定期監測血糖以預防高血糖高滲透壓狀態；每 24 小時更換輸液管路以預防感染；使用微米濾器（Micron filter）過濾溶液中的結晶或微粒。TPN 必須採取逐漸減量（Tapering）方式停止，絕不可突然中斷以防反跳性低血糖（Rebound hypoglycemia）。
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) contains high concentrations of glucose, amino acids, lipid emulsions, and electrolytes, making it an ideal medium for bacterial growth. Key nursing management points include: using an infusion pump to precisely control the rate, preventing glycemic fluctuations and fluid overload; monitoring blood glucose regularly to prevent hyperglycemic hyperosmolar states; changing the IV tubing every 24 hours to prevent infection; and filtering the TPN solution through a micron filter to remove crystals or particulate matter. TPN must be discontinued by gradual tapering and must never be stopped abruptly, to prevent rebound hypoglycemia.