護理師準備為病人輸注全靜脈營養（TPN）。下列哪些措施是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer TPN to a client. What actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse a micron filter for the infusion✓ 正解使用微孔過濾器進行輸注
- BChange the TPN tubing every 24 hours✓ 正解每24小時更換全靜脈營養（TPN）管路
- CCheck blood glucose levels every 4 to 6 hours✓ 正解每4至6小時檢查血糖水平
- DIf the TPN solution is empty, hang D5W until the next bag is ready若TPN溶液耗盡，掛上D5W直到下一袋準備好
- EVerify the order against the central venous access device✓ 正解核對醫囑與中心靜脈導管裝置
全靜脈營養（TPN）給藥的核心安全：A. 使用 micron filter 防止微粒栓塞；B. 每 24 小時更換管路以預防 TPN 高營養介質滋生細菌；C. 每 4-6 小時監測血糖（TPN 高糖負荷易引起高血糖）；E. 給藥前核對醫囑與中央靜脈導管屬於標準病人安全程序，包含驗證 TPN 溶液（成分、濃度、效期）、病人身份、導管類型與通暢狀況。錯誤：D. 若 TPN 袋用盡，應改輸 D10W（10% 葡萄糖）以維持血糖穩定，避免突然停用高濃度葡萄糖造成低血糖反彈；輸 D5W 濃度不足。
Core safety considerations for administering total parenteral nutrition (TPN): A. Use a micron filter to prevent particulate embolism; B. Change the tubing every 24 hours, because TPN is a rich medium for bacterial growth; C. Monitor blood glucose every 4-6 hours, because the high glucose load of TPN readily causes hyperglycemia; E. Verifying the order against the central venous access device before administration is a standard patient-safety procedure that includes confirming the TPN solution (composition, concentration, expiration), patient identity, line type, and line patency. Incorrect: D. If the TPN bag empties, change to D10W (10% dextrose) rather than D5W to maintain blood glucose and prevent rebound hypoglycemia from sudden withdrawal of high-concentration glucose; D5W is too dilute.