護理師正為病人靜脈輸注萬古黴素(Vancomycin)。下列哪項評估發現需要立即介入?
A nurse is administering intravenous vancomycin to a client. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- ASerum trough level is 15 mcg/mL血清波谷濃度為 15 mcg/mL
- BSmall bumps at the infusion site輸注部位有小腫塊
- CRedness and flushing on the face and neck✓ 正解臉部與頸部潮紅
- DThe client reports a metallic taste in the mouth病人主訴口中金屬味
靜脈輸注 Vancomycin 時,若速度過快可能引發「紅人症候群」(Red Man Syndrome),表現為臉部、頸部及上半身出現劇烈紅疹與潮紅,有時伴隨低血壓。這不是真正的過敏反應,而是組織胺釋放所致。首要處置是立即停止或減慢輸注速度。D 選項(金屬味)常見於 Metronidazole(Flagyl)。A 選項(15 mcg/mL)在 Vancomycin 治療區間內(通常 10-20 mcg/mL)。B 選項(小腫塊)可能是局部刺激,但不如全身性的紅人症候群緊急。護理優先原則是識別與處理因給藥速率引起的輸注反應,以維持血流動力學穩定。
Redness and flushing on the face and neck indicate Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction caused by infusing vancomycin too rapidly. This condition requires immediate intervention, such as slowing or stopping the infusion, to prevent potential hypotension and discomfort.
在美國,處理紅人症候群通常依 Protocol 先停藥、給予 Diphenhydramine 並在症狀緩解後以更慢速重新開始;台灣臨床實務則多半會先完全停止點滴並請醫師親自評估後再決定是否續打。