— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · SATA —
護理師教導病人關於更年期的徵兆，下列哪些為預期現象？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about the signs and symptoms of menopause. Which of these are expected? (Select all that apply.)
- AHot flashes✓ 正解熱潮紅
- BVaginal dryness✓ 正解陰道乾燥
- CIrregular menses✓ 正解月經不規則
- DIncreased bone density骨密度增加
- EMood swings✓ 正解情緒波動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
更年期（Menopause）指女性卵巢功能衰竭，導致雌激素（Estrogen）分泌顯著減少。這種生理變化會引發血管舒縮症狀、生殖泌尿系統萎縮及情緒波動。護理重點在於緩解症狀並評估生活品質。臨床上，護理師應教導病人辨識這些預期生理改變，並提供非藥物與藥物治療選項，同時監測是否有異常出血等需轉介的警訊。
Menopause results from ovarian failure and decreased estrogen production, leading to expected symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness due to tissue atrophy, irregular menses, and mood swings. Estrogen loss actually accelerates bone density loss, increasing the risk of osteoporosis rather than increasing bone density.