一位患有慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的病人出現輕微呼吸困難。護理師應首要執行哪項非藥物舒適措施？
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing mild dyspnea. Which non-pharmacological comfort measure should the nurse implement first?
- APerform chest physiotherapy immediately.立即執行胸部物理治療。
- BEncourage the client to perform pursed-lip breathing.✓ 正解鼓勵病人執行縮唇呼吸。
- CInstruct the client to lie flat in bed to rest.指示病人平躺於床上休息。
- DIncrease the oxygen flow rate to 6 L/min.將氧氣流量增加至 6 L/min。
對於 COPD 引起的輕微呼吸困難，護理師應優先採用能立即改善呼氣排空與氣體交換的非侵入性措施。縮唇呼吸（Pursed-lip breathing）能產生正壓，防止呼氣時小氣道過早塌陷，有助於排出肺部滯留的二氧化碳，並能減緩呼吸頻率。增加氧氣流量（D）對 COPD 病人有抑制呼吸驅動的風險，且需醫囑。平躺（C）會讓膈肌上移，加重呼吸負擔，應採半坐臥位。胸腔物理治療（A）通常用於痰液排除，非急性呼吸困難的首選措施。
For mild dyspnea associated with COPD, the nurse should first apply a non-invasive measure that immediately improves expiratory emptying and gas exchange. Pursed-lip breathing generates positive pressure that prevents premature collapse of the small airways during exhalation, helps to expel retained carbon dioxide, and slows the respiratory rate. Increasing oxygen flow (D) risks suppressing the respiratory drive in COPD clients and requires a physician's order. Lying flat (C) elevates the diaphragm and increases the work of breathing; a semi-Fowler's position should be used. Chest physiotherapy (A) is typically used for secretion clearance and is not the first-line intervention for acute dyspnea.
美國護理教育極度強調縮唇呼吸（Pursed-lip breathing）與腹式呼吸的衛教實作；台灣臨床護理師同樣會進行此類衛教，但在繁忙環境下，有時會較快傾向於直接給予氧氣或抽藥治療，考試時需回歸衛教優先的思維。