— 健康促進與維護 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師在社區進行皮膚癌初級預防衛教，應提供哪項建議？
A nurse is teaching a community group about primary prevention of skin cancer. Which recommendation should the nurse provide?
- AApply sunscreen with at least SPF 30 daily每天塗抹至少 SPF 30 的防曬乳
- BPerform monthly self-skin checks每月進行自我皮膚檢查
- CAvoid sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM✓ 正解避免在上午 10 點至下午 4 點之間曝曬陽光
- DSchedule annual full-body skin examinations安排每年一次全身皮膚檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
初級預防是指在疾病發生前採取預防措施。避免在紫外線最強時段（上午 10 點至下午 4 點）直接暴露於陽光下，可從源頭降低紫外線累積傷害。SPF 防曬與檢查屬於次級預防或保護措施，但避開高峰時段是預防癌症發生最直接的方法。
Primary prevention occurs before disease develops. Avoiding sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM, when UV radiation is most intense, reduces cumulative UV damage at the source. Sunscreen and skin examinations are protective but are not as direct as avoiding peak-hour exposure for primary prevention of skin cancer.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常強調生活型態與環境變項；台灣衛教多聚焦於物理性遮蔽物（如長袖、帽子）的使用。