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降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師準備經靜脈給予氯化鉀。給藥前最重要的評估為何?

A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which assessment is the highest priority before administration?

  • ARespiratory rate
    呼吸速率
  • BSerum glucose level
    血清葡萄糖濃度
  • CUrine output✓ 正解
    尿液排出量
  • DBlood pressure
    血壓
Explanation · 中文詳解

鉀離子(Potassium)主要經由腎臟排泄,給予靜脈注射(IV)氯化鉀時,若病人腎功能受損導致無尿或少尿(小於 30 mL/hr),會導致鉀離子迅速蓄積,引發致命性的高血鉀症(Hyperkalemia),進而導致心律不整及心跳停止。因此,評估排尿功能是給藥前的最高優先級(Priority)。其他生命徵象雖重要,但與鉀離子的代謝關聯性不如尿量直接。

Potassium is excreted primarily through the kidneys. When administering IV potassium chloride, if the patient's renal function is impaired causing anuria or oliguria (less than 30 mL/hr), potassium can rapidly accumulate, leading to life-threatening hyperkalemia and resulting cardiac dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Therefore, assessment of urinary function is the highest priority before administration. The other vital signs are important but are less directly related to potassium metabolism than urine output.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國臨床對於 IV Potassium 嚴格執行「No Urine, No Potassium」原則。護理師在給藥前若發現無尿,有權暫停給藥並立即通知醫師,此為 NCLEX 考題中的安全核心邏輯。

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