— 降低風險 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備為病人靜脈注射氯化鉀 20 mEq。護理師執行的優先動作為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride 20 mEq IV bolus to a client. Which action is the priority for the nurse to perform?
- ACheck the client's serum potassium level檢查病人的血清鉀離子濃度
- BVerify the concentration and infusion rate✓ 正解核對濃度與輸注速率
- CObtain an ECG strip取得心電圖條帶
- DAssess the patency of the IV site評估靜脈穿刺點的通暢性
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
靜脈輸注鉀離子具有極高危險性。根據用藥安全原則，鉀離子絕不可直接靜脈推注（IV push），必須經過稀釋且嚴格控制輸注速度。若濃度過高或速度過快，會導致心律不整甚至心跳停止，因此核對藥物濃度與輸注速度是給藥前的最關鍵安全檢查。
Intravenous potassium is extremely dangerous and can cause fatal cardiac arrest if administered as a direct bolus or too rapidly. The nurse must verify that the medication is properly diluted and that the infusion rate adheres to safety standards before administration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地皆將鉀離子列為高警訊藥物（High-alert medication），台灣醫院多要求雙人核對（double check）簽名，美國則依循嚴格的給藥安全條例。