— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 55 歲女性詢問骨質疏鬆症的風險因子。護理師應指出哪項是「可改變的」風險因子？
A 55-year-old female client asks about the risk factors for osteoporosis. Which factor should the nurse identify as a modifiable risk factor?
- AEarly menopause早發性停經
- BSedentary lifestyle✓ 正解久坐的生活方式
- CCaucasian ethnicity白人種族
- DFamily history of fractures骨折家族史
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
骨質疏鬆的風險因子分為不可改變（家族史、種族、提早停經）與可改變（生活型態、營養、運動）。久坐不動會導致骨質流失，增加骨折風險，透過改變運動習慣即可改善。其餘皆為個體無法透過自身行為調整的生理與遺傳因素。
Risk factors for osteoporosis are divided into non-modifiable (family history, ethnicity, early menopause) and modifiable (lifestyle, nutrition, exercise). A sedentary lifestyle contributes to bone loss and increases fracture risk, and this can be addressed through changes in exercise habits. The other options are physiological and genetic factors that the individual cannot change through their own behavior.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美均強調負重運動（Weight-bearing exercise）對預防骨鬆的重要性。