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健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA

護理師正在教導一名新開始服用口服避孕藥的個案。應指導個案若出現哪些徵象應立即回報?(選所有適合的)

The nurse is educating a client with a new prescription for an oral contraceptive. Which signs should the client be instructed to report immediately? (Select all that apply.)

  • ASevere leg pain and swelling✓ 正解
    嚴重的腿部疼痛和腫脹
  • BNausea during the first week of use
    使用第一週期間的噁心感
  • CShortness of breath or chest pain✓ 正解
    呼吸急促或胸痛
  • DSevere headache or dizziness✓ 正解
    嚴重的頭痛或頭暈
  • EVision loss or blurring✓ 正解
    視力喪失或模糊
Explanation · 中文詳解

本題考查口服避孕藥(OCP)的嚴重併發症教育,通常使用「ACHES」口訣來記憶。正確答案 A(腿痛)、C(呼吸困難)、D(劇烈頭痛)、E(視力改變)分別對應血栓形成、肺栓塞、中風或高血壓危象的警訊。這些都是潛在致命的副作用,必須立即停藥並就醫。選項 B(噁心)是 OCP 常見的輕微副作用,通常隨時間緩解,不屬於緊急回報的範疇。臨床思路上,護理師應評估病人的吸菸史與年齡,因為這會顯著增加血栓風險。安全優先原則要求病人必須識別「嚴重」與「預期」副作用的差異,以確保在發生血管併發症時能及時介入。

Clients taking oral contraceptives must report signs of serious vascular complications, including severe leg pain or swelling (indicative of deep vein thrombosis), shortness of breath or chest pain (suggestive of pulmonary embolism), severe headaches or dizziness (potential stroke or hypertension), and vision changes (retinal artery thrombosis). Nausea is a common, mild side effect that typically resolves and does not require immediate medical intervention.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國護理師常使用 ACHES 縮寫進行結構化衛教;台灣實務中則較常口頭叮嚀「如果腳腫或喘要看醫生」,缺乏標準化的警訊評估工具。護理師應強化系統化評估。

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