— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · SATA —
護理師在健康促進講座中，應包含哪些老年人的預防接種建議？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following immunization guidelines for older adults should the nurse include in a health promotion lecture? (Select all that apply.)
- AAnnual influenza vaccination✓ 正解每年接種流感疫苗
- BPneumococcal vaccine, according to current schedule✓ 正解根據當前時程接種肺炎球菌疫苗
- CHerpes zoster (shingles) vaccine✓ 正解帶狀疱疹（瘡疹）疫苗
- DDiphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (Tdap) booster every 10 years✓ 正解每 10 年加強接種白喉、破傷風和百日咳（Tdap）疫苗
- EBCG vaccine for tuberculosis prevention為預防結核病接種卡介苗
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對老年人，CDC 建議接種流感、肺炎鏈球菌、帶狀疱疹疫苗，且每 10 年補打一次 Tdap。BCG 疫苗主要用於結核病高盛行區之嬰幼兒，對老年人保護效果不明確且非標準建議。此題重點在於疫苗接種時程與老年高風險疾病預防。
For older adults, CDC recommends annual influenza, pneumococcal per schedule, herpes zoster vaccine, and Tdap booster every 10 years. BCG is mainly for infants in high-TB-prevalence areas, with unclear benefit in older adults and is not a standard recommendation. This question emphasizes vaccine schedules and prevention of high-risk diseases in older adults.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣目前針對肺炎鏈球菌疫苗提供長者免費接種公費政策，與美國建議趨勢一致。