護理師採取哪些措施可預防長期臥床病人的關節攣縮？（選所有適合的）
Which nursing interventions help prevent contractures in immobilized clients? (Select all that apply.)
- ARegular passive ROM exercises✓ 正解規律的被動關節活動度運動
- BUse of footboards to prevent foot drop✓ 正解使用足板以防止足下垂
- CEncouraging strict bed rest without movement鼓勵嚴格臥床休息且不活動
- DPositioning in a natural, neutral alignment✓ 正解將身體置於自然、中立對齊位置
- EKeeping joints in a flexed position使關節保持屈曲位置
預防長期臥床病人的關節攣縮，需透過規律的被動 ROM 訓練維持關節靈活度。正確的擺位應維持身體自然的中立對齊（Neutral alignment），防止肌肉長期處於收縮或伸展狀態。使用足板（Footboards）可預防垂足。完全不動會導致肌肉萎縮，且保持屈曲位會加速關節攣縮，因此必須透過物理治療介入與正確擺位來保護關節。
To prevent joint contractures in clients on prolonged bed rest, regular passive range-of-motion exercises must be performed to maintain joint flexibility. Proper positioning should maintain the body in a natural, neutral alignment to prevent muscles from remaining in prolonged contraction or extension. Footboards can prevent foot drop. Complete immobility leads to muscle atrophy, and keeping joints in a flexed position accelerates contractures; therefore, physical therapy interventions and correct positioning are essential to protect the joints.