護理師檢視一位 65 歲病人的疫苗接種建議。針對此年齡層，特別推薦哪種疫苗？
A nurse is reviewing immunization guidelines for a 65-year-old client. Which vaccine is specifically recommended for this age group?
- AVaricella vaccine水痘疫苗
- BPneumococcal vaccine✓ 正解肺炎鏈球菌疫苗
- CRotavirus vaccine輪狀病毒疫苗
- DHPV vaccine人類乳突病毒（HPV）疫苗
針對 65 歲以上成人，免疫系統老化導致對肺炎鏈球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae）的易感性增加，感染後併發肺炎、敗血症及腦膜炎的風險顯著提升。美國疾病管制與預防中心（CDC）建議此年齡層需接種肺炎鏈球菌疫苗以增強免疫保護力。選項 D、A、C 均不屬於 65 歲以上成人的常規優先建議疫苗。
For adults aged 65 and older, immunosenescence increases susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the risk of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis after infection is significantly elevated. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends pneumococcal vaccination for this age group to enhance immune protection. Options D, A, and C are not among the routinely prioritized vaccines for adults aged 65 and older.
美國 CDC 對肺炎鏈球菌疫苗（如 PCV20 或 PCV15+PPSV23）有明確的年齡與風險分級建議，臨床上需嚴格遵循 ACIP 指引；台灣健保針對 65 歲以上長者則有特定的公費接種政策，兩地在疫苗品牌與給付對象上有所差異。