下列何者展現了更換傷口敷料時正確的無菌技術?
Which of the following actions demonstrates correct sterile technique during a dressing change?
- AReaching over the sterile field to save time為節省時間而跨越無菌區域
- BOpening the sterile kit early and leaving the field unattended while gathering the remaining supplies提早打開無菌包,在收集其餘用物時讓無菌區無人看管
- CAllowing the edge of the sterile drape to touch the table edge允許無菌鋪巾邊緣接觸桌緣
- DHolding sterile items above waist level將無菌物品保持在腰部以上正確答案
- D將無菌物品保持在腰部以上
無菌技術的判斷基準,是先弄清楚哪些位置與情形視為已污染。 D 為正解:無菌物品必須維持在腰部以上。低於腰部(或高於肩部)的部分視為已污染,因為那是視線難以持續掌握、也最容易被身體或環境碰觸的區域;把無菌物品保持在腰部以上且在視線內,是維持無菌狀態最基本的原則。 A 錯誤:為了省時而跨越無菌區,手臂與衣袖上的微生物會落到無菌面上,是最典型的污染動作;正確做法是繞到需要的那一側再取放。 B 錯誤:提早打開無菌包、然後離開去拿其他物品,會讓無菌區在無人監看的狀態下暴露——只要無菌區脫離視線範圍(背對或離開房間),該區域即視為已污染。正確做法是先把所有需要的物品備齊、病人也準備就緒之後,才打開無菌包,並全程守在旁邊。 C 錯誤:無菌布單垂落到桌面高度以下的部分視為已污染,讓布單邊緣沿著桌緣往下接觸,等於把污染面帶回工作區。
- A為節省時間而跨越無菌區域
此選項錯誤。為了省時而跨越無菌區域是嚴重的無菌技術違規,會將身上的微生物傳播到無菌區,造成污染。
- B提早打開無菌包,在收集其餘用物時讓無菌區無人看管
此選項錯誤。打開無菌包應在病人準備好且護理師可以立即開始操作時進行,避免無菌物品在病人尚未就緒時暴露於空氣中而受污染。
- C允許無菌鋪巾邊緣接觸桌緣
此選項錯誤。無菌鋪巾(drape)的邊緣一英吋(約 2.5 公分)被視為非無菌區。若其邊緣接觸到非無菌的桌子邊緣,整個鋪巾即被污染。
- D · 正確答案將無菌物品保持在腰部以上
此選項正確。無菌物品應保持在護理師的視線範圍內,且高度應高於腰部,以防止意外污染,因為腰部以下被視為非無菌區域。
無菌技術(Sterile technique)的原則在台美兩地醫療機構中是完全一致的,都遵循國際公認的標準,如 CDC 的指引。其核心原則包括:保持無菌區域在視線範圍內且高於腰部、任何非無菌物品不可接觸無菌區、無菌區邊緣一英吋視為污染區等。台灣的護理教育與實踐嚴格遵循這些標準。
English explanation
Option D is correct because sterile items must remain above waist level and within continuous view. Any portion below the waist or above the shoulders is considered contaminated because it cannot be watched continuously and can easily touch the body or environment. Option A is incorrect because reaching over the sterile field allows microorganisms from the arm or sleeve to fall onto it; the person should move to the needed side before placing or retrieving items. Option B is incorrect because opening the sterile kit early and leaving it unattended exposes the field without observation. Once the field is out of sight, whether the person turns away or leaves the room, it is considered contaminated. All supplies and the client should be prepared before the kit is opened, and the field should remain attended. Option C is incorrect because the part of a sterile drape hanging below table height is contaminated, and contact along the table edge can bring that contaminated surface back into the working area.
最近修訂:2026-05-17