護理師為病人給藥。哪些行為符合安全給藥原則？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is administering multiple medications to a client. Which actions demonstrate safe medication administration? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the client's identity using two patient identifiers✓ 正解使用兩種病人識別標記驗證病人身份
- BCheck medication labels against the Medication Administration Record (MAR) three times✓ 正解將藥物標籤與給藥記錄（MAR）核對三次
- CAsk the client to state their name and birth date✓ 正解請病人報出姓名和出生日期
- DLeave the medication at the bedside if the client is busy若病人忙碌，將藥物留在床邊
- EDocument the medication administration immediately after the client swallows it✓ 正解在病人吞下藥物後立即記錄給藥
安全給藥的核心在於預防給藥錯誤（Medication Error），必須嚴格遵守「三讀五對」原則。正確的給藥流程包括：確認病人身份（至少兩種辨識標記，如姓名與生日或病歷號）、將藥物標籤與給藥紀錄單（MAR）核對三次，並於給藥後立即記錄。給藥後即時記錄能避免他人誤以為未給藥而導致重複給藥。絕對禁止將藥物留在病床邊，這會喪失對病人服藥過程的監控，導致病人漏服、誤服或藥物遭竊。
The core of safe medication administration is the prevention of medication errors, which requires strict adherence to the three-check, multiple-rights principles. Correct administration includes verifying the client's identity (using at least two identifiers, such as name and date of birth or medical record number), checking the medication label against the medication administration record (MAR) three times, and documenting immediately after administration. Documenting promptly after administration prevents others from believing the medication was not given and re-administering it. Medications must never be left at the bedside, as this loses oversight of the client's actual ingestion and may result in missed, wrong, or stolen doses.
在美國，病人辨識要求極高，即便病人意識清醒，仍須核對腕帶資訊而非僅依賴口頭詢問。此外，部分機構使用條碼給藥系統（BCMA），這已成為美國醫院給藥作業的標準。