— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備靜脈輸注苯妥英鈉（Phenytoin）。為了確保病人安全，下列哪項行動是必要的？
A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin via IV piggyback. Which action is essential to ensure patient safety?
- AAdminister the drug at a rate not exceeding 50 mg/min✓ 正解給藥速度不超過 50 mg/min
- BDilute the medication with dextrose 5% in water用 5% 葡萄糖水稀釋藥物
- CMix the medication with normal saline in a syringe在注射筒中與生理食鹽水混合藥物
- DEnsure the IV tubing is filtered確保靜脈輸注管路具有過濾器
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
苯妥英鈉（Phenytoin）靜脈給藥具有高度危險性，速率過快會引發嚴重的心律不整與低血壓。標準給藥速率應嚴格控制在 50 mg/min 以下。此外，苯妥英鈉與葡萄糖溶液（D5W）不相容，容易析出結晶，因此必須使用生理食鹽水稀釋或沖洗管路。護理師在給藥前必須確認溶液相容性與給藥速度，以確保病人安全。
Rapid administration of IV phenytoin can cause severe cardiovascular collapse and life-threatening arrhythmias, so the infusion rate must not exceed 50 mg/min. Additionally, phenytoin is incompatible with dextrose solutions and will precipitate; therefore, it must be diluted in normal saline to ensure patient safety.