一位因休克接受多巴胺（Dopamine）靜脈輸注的病人，護理師發現輸注部位冰涼、蒼白且腫脹。首要介入措施為何？
A patient is receiving an infusion of dopamine for shock. The nurse notes the site is cool, pale, and swollen. What is the priority intervention?
- AApply a warm compress to the site在注射部位敷熱敷包
- BElevate the affected extremity抬高患肢
- CStop the infusion and prepare phentolamine✓ 正解停止輸注並準備酚妥拉明（phentolamine）
- DIncrease the IV drip rate加快靜脈滴速
多巴胺（Dopamine）是一種擬交感神經藥物，具有強大的血管收縮作用。若發生滲漏（Extravasation），藥物會進入皮下組織，導致嚴重局部血管收縮，進而引起組織缺血、壞死與壞疽。當發現輸注部位冰涼、蒼白且腫脹時，必須立即停止輸注。解毒劑 Phentolamine（Alpha-adrenergic blocker）應立即遵醫囑局部注射，以擴張血管，對抗多巴胺的收縮作用，挽救組織。
Dopamine is a sympathomimetic agent with potent vasoconstrictive properties. If extravasation occurs, the drug enters the subcutaneous tissue and causes severe local vasoconstriction, leading to tissue ischemia, necrosis, and gangrene. When the infusion site is found to be cool, pale, and swollen, the infusion must be stopped immediately. The antidote phentolamine (an alpha-adrenergic blocker) should be administered promptly per provider order via local injection to dilate the vasculature, counteract the vasoconstrictive effect of dopamine, and salvage the tissue.