— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人服用口服 Prednisone，常見副作用包括哪些？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed oral prednisone. Which of these are common side effects? (Select all that apply.)
- AWeight gain✓ 正解體重增加
- BMood swings✓ 正解情緒波動
- CIncreased blood sugar✓ 正解血糖升高
- DDelayed wound healing✓ 正解傷口癒合延遲
- EHypotension低血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Prednisone 屬於糖皮質類固醇（Glucocorticoids），具有強大的抗發炎與免疫抑制作用，但長期使用會影響全身代謝與荷爾蒙恆定。臨床上護理師需監測其代謝性副作用，包括血糖升高、體液滯留與心理狀態改變。治療時應採最低有效劑量，並注意若需停藥必須採取「逐漸減量（Tapering）」方式，以預防腎上腺危象（Adrenal crisis）。
Prednisone is a glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, but long-term use affects systemic metabolism and hormonal homeostasis. Clinically, the nurse must monitor for metabolic side effects, including elevated blood glucose, fluid retention, and changes in mental status. The lowest effective dose should be used, and when discontinuation is needed it must be tapered gradually to prevent an adrenal crisis.