— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備為病人施打硫酸嗎啡。下列哪些跡象顯示呼吸抑制？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer morphine sulfate to a client. Which signs indicate respiratory depression? (Select all that apply.)
- ARespiratory rate of 8 breaths/minute✓ 正解呼吸頻率為每分鐘 8 次
- BOxygen saturation 94% on room air在室溫下氧氣飽和度為 94%
- CDifficulty waking the client✓ 正解難以喚醒病人
- DBlood pressure 110/70 mmHg血壓 110/70 mmHg
- EShallow, irregular respirations✓ 正解淺快且不規則的呼吸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
嗎啡為強效鴉片類止痛藥，常見致命副作用為呼吸抑制。當觀察到呼吸速率過低（<10-12次/分）、呼吸型態變淺且不規則，或伴隨意識改變（如難以喚醒）時，必須立即採取救援措施，包含停藥並給予拮抗劑納洛酮（Naloxone）。
Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic, and a common life-threatening adverse effect is respiratory depression. When the respiratory rate is too slow (<10 to 12 breaths per minute), the respiratory pattern is shallow and irregular, or there is associated altered consciousness (such as difficulty arousing the patient), rescue measures must be taken immediately, including discontinuing the drug and administering the antagonist naloxone.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆須嚴格監測嗎啡類藥物之意識與呼吸狀態，但美國醫院常備 Naloxone 於急救車中，護理師給藥前評估權限較明確。