— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在教導病人自行施打胰島素，下列哪些指示是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about the self-administration of insulin. Which instructions are accurate? (Select all that apply.)
- ARotate injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy✓ 正解輪替注射部位以預防皮下脂肪增生
- BInject insulin into cold skin to decrease absorption rate將胰島素注入冰冷的皮膚以降低吸收速率
- CClean the injection site with an alcohol swab and let it dry✓ 正解以酒精棉片清潔注射部位並待其乾燥
- DDiscard the needle in a puncture-resistant container✓ 正解將針頭丟棄於防穿刺容器中
- EStore unopened insulin vials in the refrigerator✓ 正解將未開封的胰島素瓶存放在冰箱中
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
胰島素施打原則包括：輪替部位預防皮下脂肪增生；清潔部位後需待酒精乾燥以防刺痛；丟棄針頭應放入防穿刺容器；未開封胰島素須冷藏儲存。B選項錯誤，因為體溫對於吸收率影響較小，刻意冷卻並非臨床標準規範，且可能導致注射不適。
Principles of insulin administration include: rotating injection sites to prevent lipohypertrophy; allowing alcohol to dry after cleansing the site to prevent stinging; disposing of needles in a puncture-resistant container; and storing unopened insulin under refrigeration. Option B is incorrect because body temperature has minimal impact on absorption rate, deliberate chilling is not a standard clinical practice, and it may cause injection discomfort.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣衛生福利部對胰島素針頭處理有明確規範，美國則依循 OSHA 針扎防護準則，兩地衛教內容皆強調安全性。