護理師評估個案對心血管疾病「初級預防」的理解。下列哪些例子應包含在內？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of primary prevention for cardiovascular disease. Which examples should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- ASmoking cessation programs✓ 正解戒菸計畫
- BRoutine blood pressure monitoring for screening✓ 正解定期監測血壓以進行篩檢
- CCardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction心肌梗塞後的心臟復健
- DMaintaining a healthy body mass index✓ 正解維持健康的體位指數
- EDaily low-dose aspirin therapy for high-risk patients高風險患者每日服用低劑量阿斯匹靈
初級預防（Primary Prevention）是指在疾病發生前，消除危險因子以預防發病。戒菸、血壓篩檢、維持 BMI 均屬之。C 錯誤：心臟復健屬於三級預防，針對疾病發生後的控制。E 錯誤：阿斯匹靈預防已屬次級預防或針對性投藥，且目前對一般初級預防的建議有所調整。
Primary prevention means eliminating risk factors before disease develops to prevent its onset. Smoking cessation, blood pressure screening, and maintaining a healthy BMI all qualify. C is incorrect: cardiac rehabilitation is tertiary prevention aimed at managing disease after it has occurred. E is incorrect: aspirin prophylaxis is closer to secondary prevention or targeted therapy, and current general primary-prevention recommendations have been revised.
美國護理師在初級預防中常扮演健康教練（Health Coach）角色；台灣則側重於慢性病衛教後的藥物順從性管理。