護理師向一組老年人講授流感疫苗。哪項資訊是正確的？
A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about influenza vaccination. Which information is correct?
- AThe vaccine can cause the flu.疫苗會引起流感。
- BAnnual vaccination is recommended.✓ 正解建議每年接種疫苗。
- CHealthy adults do not need the vaccine.健康成年人不需要疫苗。
- DIt should be received once every 5 years.應每五年接種一次。
流感疫苗接種是老年人健康促進與疾病預防的關鍵措施。護理師在向老年人講解流感疫苗時，核心概念是強調年度接種的重要性，以及疫苗如何提供保護。老年人因免疫系統功能下降，感染流感後發展成嚴重併發症（如肺炎、心肌炎）甚至死亡的風險顯著增高。因此，正確的衛教能幫助老年人理解流感疫苗的必要性，消除常見迷思，鼓勵他們每年接種疫苗，從而保護自身健康，降低社區傳播風險，減少醫療負擔。
Influenza vaccination is a key health promotion measure for older adults. Because immune function declines with age and severe complications (pneumonia, myocarditis, death) are more likely after influenza infection, the core teaching is the importance of annual vaccination and how the vaccine provides protection. Correct teaching helps older adults understand the necessity of vaccination, dispels myths, and encourages annual immunization to protect health, reduce community transmission, and decrease the healthcare burden.
美國與台灣對於流感疫苗的建議是高度一致的。兩地都強調流感病毒的季節性變異與疫苗保護力的時效性，因此建議所有符合資格的民眾（特別是高風險族群，如老年人）每年接種流感疫苗。在疫苗的種類選擇上，台灣目前主要提供四價流感疫苗，與美國主流相同，確保了預防策略的同步性。