— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀（KCl）。下列哪些措施是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride (KCl) IV infusion to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify that the client has an adequate urine output✓ 正解確認病人有足夠的尿液排出量
- BAdminister the infusion via a peripheral IV at a rapid rate經周邊靜脈以快速速率給予輸注
- CUse an infusion pump to regulate the delivery rate✓ 正解使用輸液幫浦來調節給藥速率
- DAssess the IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解評估靜脈穿刺部位是否有靜脈炎的跡象
- EDilute the medication according to hospital policy✓ 正解依照醫院規定稀釋藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
KCl 具有高度刺激性，絕不可靜脈推注（IV push），必須稀釋並透過幫浦嚴格控制速度。給藥前必須確保腎功能正常（尿量足），否則易致高血鉀致命心律不整。輸注時須密切監測注射部位以預防靜脈炎與組織壞死。
KCl is highly irritating and must never be administered as an IV push; it must be diluted and the infusion rate strictly controlled with a pump. Before administration, the nurse must confirm that renal function is adequate (sufficient urine output); otherwise, life-threatening hyperkalemia and cardiac arrhythmias may result. During infusion, the IV site must be monitored closely to prevent phlebitis and tissue necrosis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院通常針對高濃度鉀離子有極為嚴格的雙重核對制度，給藥流程受法律規範更嚴謹。