護理師為一位非自願性精神科入院的病人制定護理計畫。該病人保留哪些法律權利？（選所有適合的）

非自願入院（Involuntary admission）雖然限制了病人的「離開自由」，但病人並不因此失去所有公民與醫療權利。首先，病人仍擁有「拒絕治療權」（A），包含拒絕精神藥物，除非在緊急情況下（如病人有立即傷人或自殘危險）或法院命令下才可強制給藥。其次，病人依然保有「知情同意權」（C），這意味著進行手術或特殊侵入性治療前仍需獲得其授權。第三，除非有特定的醫療醫囑證明會干擾治療，否則病人享有通訊與會客權（D）。最後，法律保障病人獲得個別化治療計畫的權利（E）。本題最大的陷阱是 B，非自願入院的核心意義在於病人因自身或他人的安全風險被合法拘留，因此他們失去了「違反醫囑自行出院（AMA）」的權利，直到經過法律或醫療評估程序確認其安全為止。護理師必須在維護安全與保障人權之間取得平衡，這是護理管理中的重要倫理考量。

Although involuntary admission restricts the client's 'freedom to leave,' the client does not lose all civil and medical rights. First, the client retains the right to refuse treatment (A), including refusal of psychotropic medications, except in emergencies (such as imminent risk of harm to self or others) or under court order. Second, the client still has the right to give informed consent (C), meaning that consent is still required for surgery or special invasive treatments. Third, unless a specific medical order documents that visitors or communication would interfere with treatment, the client retains the right to receive visitors and to use the telephone (D). Finally, the law guarantees the client's right to a written individualized treatment plan (E). The biggest trap is option B: the core meaning of involuntary admission is that the client is legally detained due to safety risk to self or others, so they lose the right to leave against medical advice (AMA) until the legal or medical evaluation process confirms safety. The nurse must balance maintaining safety with protecting human rights, which is an important ethical consideration in nursing management.

美國各州對非自願入院（如加州 5150 法案）有極嚴格的時間限制與法律聽證程序，護理師需精確記錄病患行為以作為法院續留的證據；台灣精神衛生法亦有審查機制，但臨床上家屬的意見權重往往比美國更高，護理師需花更多心力與家屬溝通。