— 健康促進與維護 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師為新診斷高血壓病人規劃衛教，下列哪項生活型態調整對降低血壓效果最顯著？
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with newly diagnosed hypertension. Which lifestyle modification has the greatest impact on lowering blood pressure?
- AIncreasing daily walking to 30 minutes每日步行增加至 30 分鐘
- BEliminating all alcohol consumption完全戒除酒精攝取
- CLimiting caffeine intake限制咖啡因攝取
- DWeight loss if overweight✓ 正解若超重則減重
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
根據 JNC 8 及 AHA 指引，在非藥物控制中，體重控制對於收縮壓的降低效果最為顯著（每減輕 1kg 約降 1 mmHg）。運動、減鈉與限酒均有效，但體重減輕對代謝與心血管負荷的整體改善幅度最大。
According to JNC 8 and AHA guidelines, among non-pharmacologic interventions, weight reduction produces the most significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (approximately 1 mmHg reduction per 1 kg of weight loss). Exercise, sodium restriction, and alcohol moderation are all effective, but weight loss produces the greatest overall improvement in metabolic and cardiovascular load.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆強調 DASH 飲食，但台灣臨床對病人肥胖指數（BMI）的衛教與營養介入強度，通常不如美國基層醫療體系。